Standards
Designation standards for YXM1 High Speed Steel Powder Metallurgy Steels include the following:
- Japanese Standard: YXM1
- DIN Standard: 1.3343
- Equivalent Grades: Often compared with M2 but with slight differences in toughness and wear resistance.
Chemical Composition
YXM1 high-speed steel (HSS) is alloyed for excellent cutting performance, wear resistance, and hardness. Its elements include:
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Carbon (C)
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Chromium (Cr)
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Vanadium (V)
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Tungsten (W)
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Molybdenum (Mo)
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Silicon (Si)
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Manganese (Mn)
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These alloying elements make YXM1 suitable for demanding applications due to its high toughness, red hardness, and wear resistance.
Grade Brief
Goel Steel Company is a prominent supplier and stockist of YXM1 High Speed Steel Powder Metallurgy steels in India. YXM1, known for its high hardness and strength, is an outstanding molybdenum-tungsten-based HSS variant. This steel is well-suited for tools that require exceptional sharpness and durability, such as reamers, drill bits, milling cutters, and end mills. Known for withstanding high temperatures without losing its hardness, YXM1 is a reliable choice for manufacturing tools that encounter elevated heat and mechanical stress.
The YXM1 grade is renowned for its outstanding toughness and resistance to wear, making it effective in both high-speed and heavy-duty applications. This steel is widely used in industries needing precise and durable tools, such as automotive, aerospace, and general machining.
Mode of Supply
Goel Steel provides YXM1 High Speed Steel Powder Metallurgy steels in multiple shapes and sizes, including flat, round, and square bars, tailored to meet your unique needs. Our experienced team can guide you through selecting the most appropriate stock size and shape.
Steel Properties
- High Wear Resistance: Excellent for tools requiring prolonged sharpness and precision.
- Red Hardness: Maintains stability and hardness under high-temperature operations.
- Grindability: With balanced vanadium and chromium content, YXM1 is designed to optimize grindability for tool-making precision.
Mechanical Properties
- Hardness (HRC): Typically around 64-66 HRC
- Impact Toughness: High resistance to chipping and cracking
- Elastic Modulus: Approximately 190 GPa
Physical Properties
- Density: 8.22 g/cm³
- Thermal Conductivity: 28 W/m°C, which aids in heat dissipation
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 12 x 10⁻⁶/°C, allowing it to resist distortion during heat applications
Heat Treatment & Processes
Heat treatment optimizes the high-speed steel’s mechanical properties, enhancing hardness, wear resistance, and toughness.
- Hardening:
○ Preheat: Heat gradually to 820–870°C.
○ Austenitizing Temperature: For hardening, heat YXM1 to 1220–1250°C, depending on component requirements.
○ Quenching: After reaching the hardening temperature, quench the steel in heated oil or salt at 540–600°C for an even and durable hardness.
- Tempering:
○ Temper at 500–600°C immediately after hardening. Multiple tempering cycles (usually triple tempering) are recommended for achieving full hardness with minimal brittleness. Each cycle should last at least 2 hours
- Forging:
○ Heat YXM1 evenly to 650–750°C, and then quickly increase to the forging temperature range of 1050–1150°C. Forge within this range, ensuring the temperature does not fall below 900°C to avoid structural damage. Cool slowly post-forging.
- Stress Relieving:
○ After rough machining, stress relieving at 600–650°C reduces distortion during heat treatment. Cool slowly in the furnace.
- Annealing (Soft):
○ For soft annealing, heat to 820–860°C, then allow gradual cooling in the furnace to attain a softer state, with a maximum hardness of 277 HB.
Mechanical Processing Tips
YXM1 HSS is often used in tools for operations such as high-speed drilling, heavy-duty milling, and general-purpose machining. Its high impact toughness ensures longer life and reduces breakage risk under heavy loads. Here’s a brief on machining recommendations:
- Machinability: 35% – 40% relative to 1% carbon steel, requiring moderate tool wear for drilling, milling, or other shaping tasks.
- PVD Coating: For enhanced performance, YXM1 can be coated with titanium nitride or carbide, extending wear resistance and tool life.
Applications
Due to its outstanding properties, YXM1 High Speed Steel Powder Metallurgy steels are widely used in: